determination of virtual cohesion in unsaturated sand trenches, using geotechnical centrifuge

classical soil mechanics involves the study of fully saturated soils. however, many problems encountered in geotechnical engineering practice involve unsaturated soil, in which behavior is significantly different from classical saturated soil. negative pore pressure and capillary forces develop a virtual cohesion between the grains of semi saturated soils. this kind of cohesion is dependent on different factors such as grain size, saturation degree, soil-water characteristic curve and relative density of the soil. in this research the virtual cohesion of fine silty sand with 5% water content and a saturation degree of 17% is estimated. a vertical slope is constructed and is accelerated in the geotechnical centrifuge until failure. during the test, the model was monitored by a wireless video camera, attached to the strong box. the cohesionless tested sand was unsaturated. based on the scaling laws and considering parameters such as sample unit weight, failure acceleration and the sample dimensions, a slope stability analysis was performed, and the virtual cohesion generated in the sample was calculated. the factor of safety of the prototype modeled in the centrifuge is calculated either by finite element method and finite difference method by using the resulted virtual cohesion from physical modeling. results of this research show the validity of physical modeling for calculating the virtual cohesion in unsaturated silty sand.